Document 56 Item: Six typed transcripts from T.G. Anderson’s “Diary,” dated 5 September 1849. (2024)

Document 56Item: Six typed transcripts from T.G. Anderson’s “Diary,” dated 5 September 1849.

[An assemblage of six typed transcripts from the Diary of Thomas Gummersall Anderson and dated beginning: 5 September 1849 and ending:11 December that same year. Three transcripts (A, B, and C*) are identical; two others (D and E*) are in blue folders and are typed at the same time; and one transcript (F*) is typed at still another time. …

* The letters A,B,C,D,E and F are placed on the first page (or cover) of each transcript, at the center top in black ballpoint pen by myself (Peter Davis). The dates differ in the various versions between 1848 and 1849; some are “corrected” by hand in ballpoint pen. Three versions read 1848 (of these, two are corrected to 1849) and three versions read 1849. The Robinson Treaty was signed in 1850; in December 1849, Alexander Thomas Emeric Vidal and Thomas Gummersall Anderson reported on the proposed treaty. In my opinion, 1849 seems to be the reasonable date for this material.

Transcript A: In a buff report folder, a typed transcript on onionskin paper dated 1848 originally and corrected to 1849 in red ballpoint pen. Yellow Post-it notes have been attached by Pam Garratt Dunlop who also marked the front upper right corner of the cover “12d” in a previous ordering attempt. Pam told me (Peter Davis, October 7, 2006) that this version was given to her by Carol Kennedy in 1994. (This would apply also to the identical transcripts B and C).

Transcript B: A copy of A on standard white bond paper and stapled at the upper left, “from Carol Kennedy 1994” written by Pam Garratt Dunlop in blue ballpoint pen at the top.

Transcript C: Another version of A on onionskin with a paperclip at the upper left, corrected to 1849 in blue ballpoint pen.

Transcript D: In a blue paper folder in very good condition on onionskin paper.

Transcript E: In a blue paper folder, the lower right corner thoroughly chewed (and digested ?) by a dog; “12c” is written in the upper right corner in blue ballpoint pen (this copy is akin to D).

Transcript F: A third typed version on onionskin paper and stapled at the upper left corner; dated 1849 ( for those who are keeping score). Pencilled corrections are found throughout this copy.]

[Note by Peter Davis: I have used Transcript B as the basis for my transcript below:]

[Page 1]

Diary of Thomas Gummersall Anderson, a visiting Supt.

of Indian Affairs at this time 1849 at Cobourg.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Cobourg, Sept. 5^th, 1848. [sic]

At half past one A.M. left on my journey to settle the Indian land

claim on Lake Huron and Superior – a rather serious undertaking at this

season of the year when the north coasts of Superior are already visited

by nightly frosts and where ere long ice in quantity may be gathered from

the spray far East on the beach by the breaking of the mountain waves.

Took my passage with Gustavus (my son) and many others on board the

beautiful and fast steamer “Magner”; being headed by a strong wind and heavy

sea and the boat loaded with nearly one hundred pounds of goods for Toronto,

we did not arrive at the wharf until after nine o’clock having breakfasted

on board, “except G. who was rather sick”. My first care was to get shaved,

dressed and then to business – we got two gallons of oil, can, wick &c. for

17/6. G. paid transport of his and Hally baggage – go to the landing 35/

then I delivered letter to Mrs. Montholland and proceeded to the Upper Canada

bank where I deposited Mr. Bouthrliry check for £75 and drew on account of it

for my journey £25 – made a few other business calls and embarked on board

the stage at three – Mr. Scadding among other passengers – Stone Road thro’

to the landing[.] on we rode through clouds of dust – this is not only throwing

dust in our eyes but also into the throat and changing the color of our

clothes – arrived at the landing at half past nine – stopped at Mr. May’s

new and very comfortable Inn.

Sept. 6 – Rose at seven after a good night’s rest – got breakfast and

prepared to go to New Market to witness the Archdeacon’s visitation address –

pouring rain – Mr. David Mitchell kindly supplied us with a horse and his

dog, or more properly, jog, cart; for a more uncomfortable article to ride

in need not be wished for. Put up our horse at Mr. Forsyth’s Inn – a very

civil person and fair accommodation – here Mr. W. Darling and young Osler

joined us – good specimens of jolly parsons. From thence proceeded on foot

to the church. Ten or a dozed clergymen and about as many church wardens

with three or four laymen made up the congregation. pouring rain, the

absence of plank walks, at a time so much needed and the putty

consistency of the knee deep mud combined to keep from our view the beauty

and fashion of the old, ill situated, thinly populated Town of New Market

where the numerous Tanneries, Distilleries, chair factories, and Sour Kraut

factories, have no small share in nourishing Fever and Ague in this pre-

disposed mud hole, where every pool, and they are numerous, is covered with

that green moss so productive to ill health.

The Visitation went off very well – the Archdeacon delivered a long

and impressive address as well as instructive to the young Clergy present –

the Revd. Mr. Hawkins from England read the Church Service.

We, viz, my son and myself dined at Mr. Wm. Roe’s where we were quite

captivated with the sweet Miss Sarah, she touches the keys with fairy like

Two …..

fingers, and thrills and softens the heart to the core into the sweet strains

of love. We returned to the landing at four – spent the evening with Mrs.

Mitchell’s family (in part) and closed our perambulations with a cup of tea

and amusing conversation at Capt. Laughton’s.

Sept. 7^th – At eight embarked on board the steamer “Beaver” – the bends in the

HollandRiver always causing some delay which might be prevented by an appropriation

of a few £100 of our otherwise ill exhausted revenue. From our starting point to

Orillia is a distance of about sixty miles where we landed about four o’clock,

a very heavy head wind, causing a saving to the owners of some breakfasts and

dinners. Lake Simcoe is generally much admired for its beautiful islands and

harmonizing scenery on all sides (for in clear weather the land is all around

the vessel), the green woods on the rolling lands with the numerous spots of

clearance present a charming scenery, but at this season the farms having been

shorn of their rich crops, leaving one to the contemplation of what beauty has

been! At Orillia put up at Fraser’s Inn, to say the least of which a more uncom-

fortable nest need not be desired. We took tea and spent the evening at the

parsonage with the Rev. Mr. Bourne, whose widowed sister lately arrived from

England keeps house for him, she appears to be about twenty-six, well educated,

though not, in my eye, beautiful. They have made many alterations in the

“YellowheadPalace” and made the house really comfortable – it is neatly furnished

and he has a splendid library. Mrs. Fraser (her husband not being at the house)

promised faithfully to have a waggon ready for us at 4 in the morning, but we

did not embark until after 6. Nothing can be more vexatious than to be thus

deceived – we had heard that the steamer would not go to Penetanguishene until

Wednesday next and that a Batteau would leave in the morning for Ptg., hence my

anxiety to arrive in time to take advantage of the opportunity but to no purpose.

Sept. 8^th – Left the Narrows or Orillia about 6. Like most other little villages

in the country, the thrifty part of the inhabitants were up and doing. Loafers

were already thronging the Inn enquiring of each other at the bar “What will you

have”, while the many were snoring away that precious time, which can never return.

We rolled on over a very rough road to Mrs. Barr’s Inn about seven miles, here we

stopped to breakfast. Mrs. Barr is a Scotchwoman, stands about five feet six

inches, in circumference, bustle and all, 3¼ yards and weighs 237 lbs – but

she is notwithstanding exceedingly active. Her husband, on the wrong side of

fifty, is a meager, sauncy [specimen], not quite so tall as his bigger half, without 10 lb.

flesh on his almost protruding bones. Here we got a most comfortable breakfast –

nothing of the too common practice of a groaning table loaded with uneatable

pickles, apple butter, cucumbers, &c. &c. but here was a clean cloth, a fair

allowance of mutton chop, butter, eggs, &c., all good. Mrs. B. is not only a great

talker but also a great scandal monger and her dram drinking visitors are never

permitted to leave her house until she has twisted from them at all times a stock

on hand for traveling strangers. The most striking piece of intelligence she

gave me at this time was on my enquiring how Capt. Steele and family were, at

this I thought she would have split her fat sides in a fit of laughter, after

which exclaimed, “ah, auld Steele is game and no mistake, he has now got two

young ones by his new wife. What do you think of that, Captain? I often laugh

at my good man about it”. (Mrs. B. has no family). On we rolled over stones,

Three …

stumps and rutts [sic], every now and then tempted by the beautiful bunches of Durham

blackberries. Reached Coldwater at 11 o’clock – watered and went on toward

SturgeonBay, where we arrived at two. The wind was very high – engaged Capt.

McNabb’s jolly boat with four hands to row us to Penetanguishene for which we

paid 7/6 each, namely Capt. Gaskin, who accompanied us from Cobourg, G., Mr.

Hall and myself. The wind having abated we started at five and spent a miserable

cold time of it, and reached Penetanguishene at 10. William and family all in

bed, they got up and gave us tea and we went to bed.

Sunday, Sept 9^th – Walked to church, dined at Mr. Hallen’s. Gusty invited to

stay at Doctor Bawten’s [Bawtree’s] and between services Jess, Gusty and I drove down in his

waggon for Gusty’s things. G. read and preached, I returned to William’s and

retired at eleven and slept well.

Sept. 10^th – Walked through my lot (William’s garden) woefully overrun with weeds –

one apple tree in it but only twelve apples remain on it, they are large and of

good quality – the Frame house that might be had for £200 – dined at the Doctor’s –

Mr. Hallen called to invite us to dinner at two tomorrow – called at Keating’s

in the evening, he is very ill and I could not see him. All my leisure time

spent in writing – nothing new or strange – Gusty wrote home – No cholera here

as yet – several Indians and Herchimer were with me for more than two hours,

sent word to have the Indians from WhiteFishLake to Nippissing [sic] and others

assembled at Washawwanega when I will meet them on my way home.

Sept. 11^th – Nothing worth recording – dined at Mr. Hallen’s – called at the

Doctors and also at Mr. Keating’s, who is very low, returned home with Gusty to

tea.

Set. 12^th – The steamer arrived at 8 –embarked. Several passengers for Owen

Sound and others for the Sault amongst whom was Dr. Cameron from Grafton and Mr.

Hall from Cobourg, both adventurers. Reached Owen Sound at six, the White village

at this place is growing very fast and what adds much to its appearance is the

cutting away of the fringe of wood which formerly screened the house, from the

view of the Lake. Left at 8, after taking on wood and a pound of candles – a fine,

clear night, but a heavy wind and sea from the North, which made the boat jump

about tho’ I slept too sound[ly] to notice it or the heavy rain that fell about

2 o’clock.

Sept. 13^th – Reached Manitowaning at 10 – the Indians had received the last of

their presents yesterday and were preparing to decamp, – landed and immediately

gave to Shingwaukonce and Tau—–* each their War Medals for FortDetroit – called

at the Doctor’s, who is laid up and very unwell – Mrs. Darling and children well –

Sophy a sweet child – Mrs. Ironsides quite well – Anna and her sister very tall

and pretty good looking – Mr O’Meara busy and fidgity [sic] as usual – all well – and

Indians pretty healthy and delighted to see me. The bell rang and I ran to the

boat where I found about 200 Indians had embarked for the Sault – having little

space to move about. My feelings were sadly cut up to see the poor Doctor so

reduced and his poor wife in such distress. However, as she is blessed with the

influence of religion, she has a staff to lean upon from which the Christian can

derive support. I do not think the Doctor is in any danger except the probability

of his mind becoming deranged. He has been so pestered and tormented by Supt.,

Parson, Priest and Jesuit, that he could not raise his mind above the vexations

* Shinguacouse and Tagawinini probably

Four …

caused, so as to despise them but has allowed them to get so deeply rooted that

I fear his mind will be deranged. I recommended his going to Penetanguishene

for change of air &c. and told to have him carried on board the

boat on her return, which I hope may be done.

There were now some Shawanegaw Indians here and I told them to be present at

that place on my return.

Our route lay thro’ hundreds of beautiful islands of all sizes and shapes

covered with verdure; where, no doubt, that aboriginal ancestors of our present

passengers luxuriated on the abundant game to which these islands furnished rich

pasture, and who reveled in the sunshine of perhaps, unhappy ignorance, but

certainly with the glorious convictions of independence, which we, the Whites,

have certainly torn from them and prostrated them to the lowest stage of degradation

to which human beings can be reduced. All this time and until daylight we had been running between the main land and the Great Manitoulin, an island stretching east

and west about 90 miles in length and averaging about 25 miles wide.

Sept. 14^th – About 7 came to at Mr. Peck’s settlement on the Island of St. Josephs

where we heard the cholera was very bad at “Bruce Mines”. Landed about 60 of our

passengers and eleven head of fat cattle intended for sale to the miners and took

in wood and Mrs. Peck and family consisting of her fat self and 10 other half breeds.

At nine a boat from the Bruce Mines met us at a distance of 3 or 400 yards

from the dock and forbid ours touching at the wharf. Cholera was bad, 24 deaths

had taken place, and more than one half of those in health had fled to various

parts of the country. Two American schooners were laying at the wharf and we

we were told sometimes not less than 10 schooners are lying in harbour at once.

The place has assumed the appearance of a thriving village, several two storey

frame houses are up, shingled, and in course of being finished, in addition to

which the numerous shops, stores, huts and sheds gives the appearance of a

stirring place of business. Doctor Wallbank came on board with several officials –

they remained but a short time; after performing about two hours quarantine,

discharging two or three passengers, a dozen bundles of shingles and a few other

notions we steamed away. Old Shingwaukonce, to whom I yesterday spoke on

the subject came into the cabin and settled to their minister’s satisfaction the

question of a house for him to live in during the winter and until a proper house

be built for him. The tribe are to pay the Indian to whom the house belongs a

reasonable rent for the same. G. converted his bull, an ill bred looking animal,

into hay to feed his cow. Raining hard all day. After touching at the American

wharf, the Gore came to on our side and we were kindly invited by Mr. Wilson to

take up our quarters with him for the night which we gladly availed ourselves of.

At his house we found Mr. Wm. Earmintinger [Ermatinger] who professes to have a claim to lands

on Lake Superior, but this cannot be, as his Mother and her relations were originally

from Lac La Pluie and his Grand Father or Uncle Kaw-te-war-br-tai are or were

American Indians – but it is not possible to describe the many claims attempted to

be set forth, or to explain the great excitement which prevails on this subject at

the Sault, and still less practicable to commit to paper the unbounded expectations

of almost all classes to participate in the benefit of “Treaty Money” for they

have persuaded themselves that a very large number of kegs containing $1000 each

will be distributed at this place and there will be fine pickings for the time

Five …

being. Mr. McTavish called and kindly offered any assistance in his power.

Sept. 15^th – Took an early breakfast and started to call on Mr. Vidal* who I

heard was on the American side – we met each other about half way across the

river and I returned with him to Mr. Wilson’s and passing into a private room he

gave me his instructions and I handed him mine to read – after which we concluded

the most expeditious and cheapest plan would be to take an American propeller,

which would leave on Monday for FortWilliam, embarking a canoe, provisions and

hands to bring us back from thence – this concluded Mr. Vidal went to make the

necessary arrangements and I proceeded to GardenRiver to inform Shingwaukonce and

to direct his collecting all his people by the time we returned from Lake Superior,

also to engage hands for the voyage. On Gusty’s, Dr. Cameron’s, Mr. Hall’s and

my arrival at GardenRiver we immediately opened our packages, got Gusty’s cooking

stove up (it had been badly cracked on its way up) and had our supper; it being

now about 8 o’clock we fried some ham, which I bought from Mr. Hulbut, and each

one having turned up his sleeves gave a helping hand to chop wood, make fire,

wash dishes, potatoes &c. – went to rest about 10 the best way we could in the

2 roomed 20 x 18 feet log house. One of Gusty’s Esquimax Dogs having died of

starvation last night, we brot the other down with us from John Bell’s about 2½

miles – he was also nearly starved. Talking of dogs I must say a few words about

Milo – she, generally speaking, conducted herself with strict propriety – she with-

drew herself from my society and clung to her new master, except now and then at

meal times, when her light and frolicsome heart was desirous of dancing the Polka –

of course, having no piano, she could not be expected to learn any new steps, and

thence perhaps it was she became more perfect in the old ones. Gusty, rather

peevish, wishing himself back in Cobourg and perhaps for more reasons than one.

* Alexander Thomas Emeric Vidal

Sunday 16^th – Rose early – went through the delightful ceremony of cooking,

washing dirty dishes &c. to which was added the necessary labour of shaving,

washing, clean shirting &c. The only breakage amongst our goods were the globes

of Gusty’s lamp and one tea cup.

At 11 went to church in an Indian house – very crowded – not room for all

the congregation. G. read the prayers in Indian and also preached – the sermon

was short but the substance was first rate, I could have listened with much satis-

faction to a discourse of the kind for half an hour. Tea, bread and butter for

dinner. At 3 prepared to start for the Sault but the wind was blowing very fresh;

had some difficulty in making a start, got off at 4 and reached the Sault at 9 –

took up our quarters at Mr. Wilson’s.

Sept. 17^th – At 9 Mr. Vidal called and we immediately proceeded to engage a canoe

and crew – got the promise of six middle men and a Guide and a steersman, proceeded

then to Mr. McTavish’s (in charge of the H.B. Co. establishment) where we got a

North canoe complete, basket and liquor case and received every possible attention –

having borrowed a leather trunk from Mr. Wilson, transferred to it such clothes as

I might require in my journey to and from FortWilliam. I crossed over to the

American side where Mr. Vidal and myself laid in the necessary stores for the

voyage and, our men having brought over the canoe, we embarked at 7 on board the

Propeller “Napolean”. The state rooms miserably mall, but still these were no

less than three berths in each. Went to bed at 10.

Six …

Sept. 18^th – Rose at six, observed 4 sailing vessels and one propeller besides the

Napolean in harbour, the latter having anchored during the night with 700 tons

Copper on board from AndanawganRiver. This mine paid last year 60 p cent on the

stock paid in, and this year expects to pay 100 p ct. Weighed anchor about half past

seven – could not start sooner because of the fog. This vessel had been an old sailor

but was converted into a propeller, and goes about 9 to 12 knots an hour. Her cargo

is mostly in the hold below water mark, and her Captain’s name is Clark, the person

who married the beautiful Miss Prior. At 8 assembled to breakfast when all the

cabin passengers met, among whom were several ladies (so called) and their children.

Capt. Wm. Earmintinger and his uncle Caw-te-waw-be-tai (or rather Maunk-o-sit),

Mr. Haleigh, American Topographical surveyor, Mr. Vidal, Mr. Somerville and myself –

besides several Germans and Yankeys going to the mines – and ten or fifteen passengers.

The cabin is about 45 feet long with seven state rooms on each side, besides

which there is a commodious “Saloon” and several dormitories on the upper deck –

cook shop, pantry and other necessary conveniences with rooms for officers and

crew on our floor – the principal weight of the engine is in the hold. About 8

miles from our anchorage we took in 14 cords of wood, no coal used. Delightful

weather, scarcely a ripple on the water all day, consequently, all were in good

humour and well eating order. Our sole amusem*nt was squeezing around the decks,

among the closely stored cargo of hay and barrels &c. I have, as well as on all

other occasions when traveling with American ladies, found them to be more easy

and chatty in their manners, more affable, communicative and better disposed to

accommodate themselves to the circ*mstances in which they are placed than our proud,

stiff buckram-cased would-be great ladies!! It is true there is a peculiarity in

their mode of expression but this is not individual or partial, it is national.

We continued puffing along the south shore all day – the distant hills appeared to

be a mass of rock, the shore is principally sandy beach. All in bed at 10. Some

appearance of rain ahead but no rocking of the ship.

Sept. 19^th – All well and up at six – no barber on board – dread the idea of shaving

myself. A light breeze sprang up. Breakfasted at half past 7 and at half past 8

anchored off Carp river (M Mines). Here we landed four ladies, two children,

two oxen, two horses, two or three passengers and sundry barrels of pork, oats,

waggan [sic] &c. and again got under way (CarpRiver is 170 or 80 miles from the Sault).

The iron ore is rich and abundant but at a distance of 8 miles from the lake – they

have one smelting machine at work; though not in complete working order, it turns out

two tons per day. Two additional smelters will be ready in a few weeks and contracts

have been entered into with teamsters to haul to the lake in the course of the winter

60,000 tons of the iron in pig. Weighed anchor at half past 10, the waves rolled

weightily from the Lake, and the locomotive was snorting along in the trough of the

sea with a foresail set to partake of her propelling labour. Few but the crew can

now walk on the deck or even the cabin floor, all passengers except Mr. Vidal,

Mr. Hodge and myself have slunk to their dens. I, alone at last, am left at the

table to roll, think of home and waste paper.

At length we rounded a point and, hugging the shore, the motion of the vessel

was less oppressive, and our fellow passengers crawled to the cabin, rather changed

in countenance. However, a few cigars, co*cktails, porter, and green apples set

all right –only one, and she a fair German, was sufficiently disturbed to make

Seven …

it necessary for her to stagger from the dinner table. About dusk it commenced

to rain heavily and of course was very dark – by ten we were off CopperHarbour

where the lighthouse, beautifully lit up, presented a delightful appearance and

cargo nor passengers for that place and the entrance dangerous, the Captain

prudently kept the open lake and merely kept on sufficient steam to carry us

[20^th inserted in margin at left at this point]

the fifteen miles to EagleHarbour by daylight. But the wind veering rather

more favorable a short time took us opposite the harbour and we were obliged to

roll off and on until daylight when, passing between two rocks, “the only channel,”

we cast anchor in a beautiful basin surrounded by rocks except for a little niche

where are built a few houses for the conveyance of landing and taking care of

the property imported. The mines are all at a distance of 2 to 5 miles from

the lake and some of them as much as 12.

At the Iron Mine or CarpRiver a ——, I saw Achilles Cadott

who had just returned from Green Bay by land crossing the country from Baie de

Knox in six days through a distance of only 50 miles – but a rough country. We

spent a dreary day at EagleHarbour. Notwithstanding the heavy rain, they landed

a great part of the cargo – this is done as well as [the] taking in of about thirty

cords of wood by means of a scow, there being no wharf on which to land. About

12 the rain ceased and I, with other passengers, took a walk on shore and Mr.

Somerville took a sketch of the harbour. Our last load of wood was shipped about

10 o’clock and it was now too dark to get under way – can’t write any more as an

impertinent chap is looking over my shoulder.

21^st – Rose at five after a sound night’s sleep – no preparations for a start,

though a fine clear morning, until near seven when all was bustle and hurry. At

8, after striking slightly on the bar, we were once more at sea and, keeping close

the shore, we soon to made Eagle River where we anchored to discharge some more stuff.

Here we landed by virtue of another scow, one cow, sundry barrels and boxes,

&c. Mr. Hodge, who landed at Carp River and crossed the country to this place,

joined us again, and several passengers came on board. The whole of the

coast thus far is rock, with here and there a space of sandy beach, sterile and

wholly unfit for cultivation, except in the small valley where the washing of

the hills has deposited small portions of vegetable mould, but even here wheat

will not grow because the warm season is too short and those spots are shaded

by the hills for a great part of the day.

Oats, potatoes, turnips are however raised to a certain limited extent.

Fish may be caught in any quantity but few take the trouble to set nets. One

Canadian, originally from Mackinaw, caught this morning in two nets about fifty

white fish and several trout all of which find a ready market at four cents a

pound.

A new Copper mine fever has lately been caused by the finding of old

diggings supposed to have been made not less than three hundred years ago –

pits have been opened over veins at distances of five or six hundred yards from

Eight …

each other for a distance of 20 miles. Some of these old pits, which had either

been covered up by the original diggers or the sides had fallen in from the action

of the weather, have lately been opened and, at a depth of from 4 to 20 feet, are

found immense masses of pure copper, weighing many tons each. Large stone

hammers, copper chisels, hardened as steel, and other tools of the kind. Some

masses of this copper have been raised from their original beds and then

abandoned, others of smaller size appeared to have been moved to some distance

from where they had been dug up &c.

The stone hammers would indicate their having been used by a rude people

unacquainted with the use of iron, while, on the other hand, the chisels being

brought to the consistency of steel is an art not known in the present day.

However, this may be, there can be no doubt but the metal as well as mineral is

found in endless quantity and much excitement is abroad to acquire the locations

and shares. At this place, several passengers came on board mostly bound for

Onondaunawgan River among whom was a Doctor Pettis, who had cleared $100,000 by

selling and is now in quest of more “small specks” – considerable quantities of

silver are also found. A smooth sea, good vessel and fair weather brought us

safe to AndowanganRiver at 8 o’clock having run 85 miles and stopped to discharge

about 100 barrels of stuff. On coming to anchor, all of our female passengers and

most of the men left us, among whom Maunk-o-sit or Kaw-te-waw-be-tai and Mr.

Hodge of whom too much cannot be said as a man of science and a gentleman. Here

we also landed our remaining horse and cow – so no more milk for our tea.

By way of change and as it is not yet 12 o’clock, I may inform you that about

$50,000 in specie were brought here and nominally paid to the Indians on account

of their land treaty; of this large amount the American Fur Company got 8,000,

other traders smaller sums leaving distributed in the hands of the assembled and

cheated Indians about $500., this sum was also ultimately taken from them for

whiskey and even many of their blankets were purchased from them for one or two

pints of watered whiskey. Mr. Ermatinger, who was present, informs me such scenes

of iniquity were never seen in any part of the civilized world – robbing, drinking,

fighting and even murder was committed.

I hope our Indians may never be thus served.

Sept. 22^nd – We left our moorings at half past two this morning when I and all the

other passengers were in bed. At four, a tremendous roll of the boat and the

rolling of the cargo on deck, broke in upon my sweet rest. I scrambled out of

my little den and attempted (but it was no go) to reach the deck – returning to

the cabin I found two tables turned wrong side up, the others shifting from side

to side, chairs, sofas &c. all in motion. My fellow passengers apparently com-

fortably lodged in their beds, I turned in again, but could not remain; therefore,

dressed myself and sat down to wait the result with patience. It was now blowing

fearfully and the sea rolling mountains high – still the snorting engine with

its scow wheel was kicking us on – had the wind been ahead[,] we must have been driven

by it but it was on our beam, the foresail was now set and the pitching was less

severe. 7 o’clock came but the weather was hazy and no land was visible. After

repeated attempts, the breakfast table was set and kept steady by a waiter holding

Nine …

on each side, the Captain and three others sat down. At 10 the weather had

cleared up so as to show Isle Royale at a distance of about 20 miles – but

the wind continued its fury. We were now steering to pass the west end of

Isle Royale, but a squall cloud approaching us from the west, the Capt.

thought it prudent to change our course and make for a harbour at the west

end of the island, but before we could reach it a succession of white squalls

met us with heavy showers of rain which threatened our return to the lake,

but a little additional strain got us under the land and soon cast anchor

where we now lay with little motion – all hands up and at table – can’t get

to FortWilliam to-day – how thankful we should be for the daily and hourly

mercies with which we have been favored – remained at this place for the rest of

the day.

Sunday Sept. 23^rd – At 7 got under way, fine morning – I was much struck with

the open and frank appearance and straight-forward character of Judge Trowbridge

of Detroit who was a passenger with us. Nothing strange occurred until about

11 when we landed on PrincessIsland where we encamped for the day – it being

Sunday – and remained all day. We however made some necessary arrangements

regarding our baggage and made our first tent encampment – all quite comfortable

except our biscuit which was actually uneatable. I tried all means to soften

it to no purpose, I soaked it in cold water and exposed them for some time in

the sun, them fried them in the frying pan and last of all boiled them for some

time in the men’s kettle with their pork, but all to no purpose, they still

remained as tough as beef shoes. We therefore set Peter Bell to make cakes

in the pans. Went to bed at 9. Just as we were going to bed, 3 Indians came to

visit us from Princess [Princes?] Bay, who consented to return to Fort William with us

and take in their canoe a part of our loading, without which we would have been

obliged to send back for a part of it.

Sept. 24^th – Rose at 5, got breakfast and started at 7. The morning was fine

and, passing along high mountains some of a 1000 feet high, and at 1 o’clock arrived

at FortWilliam. Mr. McKenzie in charge of the establishment who received us

most cordially. We dined and tea-ed with him and at 10 went to bed in our tent.

Mrs. McKenzie could not be seen because the infant was not very well. Gave some

pork, flour and tobacco to the Indians and invited them to meet us at 10 o’clock

in a room kindly appropriated by Mr. McKenzie for the purpose.

Sept. 25^th – Up and dressed by times – Breakfasted at 9 and shortly after the

Indians began to assemble, about 25 were all that could be mustered. They were

accompanied by a Jesuit named Frimeault and, finding he meddled with our business,

I could not forego the pleasure of informing him he had no business to interfere

with them &c. – but still he did not move his body though his tongue was less busy.

Mrs. McK. dined with us – she is a very nice lady from Montreal. At 6 we closed

our Indian Council for the day.

The Jesuit here, as well as elsewhere, tries to influence the Indians

with his way of thinking not only as regards his erroneous creed, but also

as regards the duties of our mission, not because he is familiar with our

object but because he fancies he can direct the Indians and thus influence

Ten …

the Government into what he considers a good bargain for the natives and

ultimately that he might get their cash to the exclusive benefit of his

Priest craft, but of this the Government must be on their guard.

I omitted to note that all the workmen of PrincessBay (Princess Mine)

have, with the exception of one man, been discharged. Why so I cannot find

out, but the man in charge told us that quantities of silver had been found

here – one mass he says of 10 weight had been sent to Montreal. If the

mine contains such wealth, why leave working it, is a query I cannot solve.

Kaw-me-na-tic-wa-young is the Indian name for the river on which Fort

William is built and is situated within a mile of its entrance to Thunder Bay.

At its mouth a bar runs across so as to prevent vessels coming nearer than a

mile from the fort. There are two entrances to the River which unite and form

one stream at a distance of about three miles from the Lake. The falls and

rapids commence about 20 miles from the entrance. The Fort is composed of

picketed fence enclosing about an acre of ground within which are the various

stores (one of stone), dwellings and out house, but mostly in a state of decay,

except that occupied by Mr. McKenzie which is more comfortable. At the distance

of about 600 yards is a well built block house of wood for defence in the con-

tentions between Lord Selkirk and North-West Company. Mrs. McKenzie does not

appear to be of high standing or education though in so remote a situation from

Society, is, of course, a personage of no small importance and being white

commands that respect which would be due to a gentleman’s wife in a more respec-

table sphere of life. Mr. McKenzie is like all other Indian Traders of the

H.B. Co. – very hospitable. We lived at his table on all the good things of the

season, washing the eatables down with well filled flagons of wine and brandy.

He offered us beds but we preferred our tent which was pitched in the middle of

his beautiful green lawn. We however accepted a spacious room in which to hold

our consultations with the Indians. The scenery about FortWilliam is very

beautiful – the placid stream in front of the dwelling unwearingly carrying

the waters from its source hundreds of miles above us through all the Great

Lakes to the sea – the wild fowl paddling and winging their way from the dread

shot of their enemy, man, the tormentor of all living beings even himself

inclusive – the thousands of golden Pluver [sic] sporting in hurried steps along the

bank – the snipe, as if wearied of carrying their richly flavoured bodies by

distant flight, are marked at short distances from heedless savage tread,

and would be sport indeed for the less relenting English sport – men’s gun[s] –

and now and then the up stream bound, finny, tribe, as they pass along, as

if mindful of the fishing man’s abode, pop up their crimsoned eye to see

whether the deadly spear is raised to shed the blood of innocence and end

their harmless days. The Bark Temten aborigine luxuriating in all the filth,

want and misery which an indolent and improvident parentage could for ages

bestow – are objects that cannot fail to rouse the mind of those unaccustomed

with such scenes to deep and profitable reflection. Then in the distance you

see the mountains on all sides rising 1000 feet above your head, these are

the resort of hares and winged fowls for no one else, but crafty man, can

reach their summit, and were not Divine Wisdom the creator, one might be

Eleven …

disposed to say, they were made for no purpose.

Ice this morning one-half inch thick.

Sunday, Sept. 26^th – There is nothing to record except that we finished our business

with the Indians, and a heavy rain during the night to which I attributed my having

caught a severe cold.

Sept. 27^th – Fine morning – bought a few stores from Mr. McK. and prepared to make

an early start but forced to wait breakfast after which Mr. McK. put a quarter of

veal and 3 or 4 lbs. of fresh butter on board and at 8 we embarked. Leaving the

Fort after a 5 mile paddle we came to “WelcomeIsland”, thence a traverse of 15

miles, got over all safe –the wind now sprang up abaft the beam from the lake –

there being no harbour were obliged to continue our route – the waves became

mountains – so monstrous were they that sailing within two miles of hills thirteen

hundred feet above the water when in the trough we could barely see their top –

yet our men with good courage and exertion and our little bark true to the dic-

tates of our helmsman to meet the breaking, we took in very little water. At

length about four we rounded into the first harbour (O-kaw Buck-ke-te-ne-waw-ning)

where three Indian canoes with almost half drowned men, women and children

(being taking in the same White squall gale) overtook us. This is a beautiful

harbour for all winds[,] the point being shaped thus Ω* so that one side or the other

is calm. Having suffered all day from a very high fever and sore throat, I took

half a seidlitz** without effect, spent a restless and uncomfortable night, restless

and talkative in my slumbers.

* This shape is noted in pencil through the typing

** A powder, a mixture of tartaric acid and sodium bicarbonate with Rochelle salt, an aperient (laxative)

Set. 28^th – Left our camp about 7 after breakfast – still very feverish and unwell.

My buffalo coat very serviceable – a fine day – passed many islands of all shapes

and sizes; the mounts on the main varying from 500 to 1200 feet in height – went

into Agate Cove at 6 and encamped – appetite gone – bowels confined and nasty

taste in my mouth – the pipe my only comfort.

Sept. 29^th – Perspired freely during the night and better in the morning – ate

nothing – Mr. Vidal and Mr. Somerville very kind – left our camp at 4 o’clock

and arrived at Mr. Smith’s location about 7 – visited his mine. Mr. Smith gone

to Detroit, his brother very attentive and gave us some fish and specimens – no

money realized as yet. At half past 9 he breakfasted with us – I feel much better

and ate some fish. At 10 left him and[,] after a few miles paddle, fell in with three

families of poor Indians who had no nets, consequently were badly off for food –

gave them a little pork, flour and tobacco. During the remainder of the day we

traveled between Isle St. Ignace and the main – about three passed a River leading

to Lake Nipigon a distance of six days’ journey. In the course of the day we passed several mining locations which had been abandoned – fine day – about sunset

rounded the end of St. Ignace Island and encamped in one of the mining Company’s

houses in MoffatHarbour, where, from the number of houses built, land cleared

and shafts sunk, I conjecture much money had been spent to no purpose as the whole

is now abandoned. I continue to improve in health and my disposition to eat

increases – took a whole Seidlitz and went to bed.

Twelve …

Sunday, Sept. 30^th – Rose at 5 –quite well – remained in port all day – much

comforted by a good shave. This is a very pretty place and beautiful harbour –

the chimneys are all built of “Free Stone” quarried near the spot in abundance.

Pea soup for dinner but many of the peas as hard as agate – the veal also

suffered mastication. retired about 9 as usual – with the determination to

start at 4 and make a long day’s journey.

Monday, Oct. 1^st – How full of disappointment are all human resolutions! My

anxiety to near home produced an unusual restlessness during the night – my

rest much disturbed by wandering dreamings of things which do not exist and of

persons long since gone to meet their God – rose frequently – renewed our fire

and watched the wind which was beginning to whistle thro’ the crevices of our

temporary residence. At 4, our guide, true to his charge, made his appearance

and reported the wind in the wrong direction and too high to proceed on our

journey – there was no alternative but to remain quiet, the woods being too thick

and the rocks being too craggy to admit of roaming for pleasure, and the cleared land

about our residence too swampy to admit of an up and down promenade. At 11

the wind appeared to lull and we paddled our empty canoe a short distance from

our harbour to get a view of our course and ascertain what prospects for a start,

but the wind forbade our proceeding on our journey. At 1 the wind increased and

the clouds began to thicken as if for a storm – at 4 the clouds dispersed but the

wind was unabated. Retired as usual full of hopes for the better. Mr. S., who is

an artist, took a very pretty sketch of the place.

Tuesday, Oct. 2^nd – The wind rather down – left our houses at 7 but soon met a

high wind and heavy sea. However, by hard work we reached a camp where was a

fishing station of men from La Pique and Indians. It being now 12 and having

got 60 lbs. of trout, we proceeded about a mile to avoid the filthiness of the

camp and put ashore to dine. Our large kettle was soon boiling full of trout

and shortly after disappeared. We continued on our route about three miles and

were near an opening through the Islands into the expanded lake, compelled

to shelter ourselves in a little Bay where there is no promenade – completely

surrounded by water and craggy mountains, of which the whole north shore is

composed; in fact, they appear to our hasty passing glance as if thrown here and

there by giddy chance; but to create these massive rocks as seen, in God Almighty’s

hands the work had been. Here we remained all night and I slept more soundly

than on any former occasion since we left FortWilliam.

Oct. 3^rd – The gale still continued and our only resort was patience. Of the

60 lbs. fish we had at 12 yesterday – we in the tent had eaten perhaps 6 lbs.

and there remained about 6 lbs. uncooked, so that in fact our 8 men had for

dinner and supper yesterday and breakfast this morning consumed 48 pounds of it

besides bread, potatoes, biscuit, fried pork and tea which they had at every

meal. About 2 the wind came more to the North and enabled us to cross to the

main and proceed under the lee of the land. About 4 met an Indian with two

women and a boy in a canoe, who had been at the ——- for potatoes for the

fishermen. At 6 went on shore to encamp – we fortunately got into a very nice

sandy cove where we got a good sleep.

Thirteen …

Oct. 4^th – Made an early start, the wind partly ahead and partly off land – we

only made 25 miles and at 8 reached Mr. La Ronde in charge of the —— Pie

Trading Station or Post. Mr. La Ronde received us very kindly, took us to

his house where we had a good supper and a good night’s lodging, besides gaining

much information on the subject of our mission. Among other things he informs

us that the Nepegon Indians almost to a man have a plurality of wives and some

to the number of seven – the man we met yesterday had three viz., the old woman,

her daughter by a former husband, and again a daughter of the second wife by

another father. Mr. La Ronde further informs on this subject that parents

refusing to give their daughters in marriage are almost certain of being murdered

by the party applying – murders for other trifling causes are not infrequent

among those Indians – surely no pains should be spared to civilize them!

Oct. 5^th – Left Mr. La Ronde’s at a quarter before 8 and soon after were enabled

to stretch our sail to a side wind; therefore, did not stop to breakfast but

proceeded, passing Le Ance or La Bouteille – encamped in another nice sandy cove.

In the course of this day, got two fine trout from an Indian and our steersman

caught two others, though his line was only out occasionally and our guide shot

two fishy ducks, but all went to pot together, pork, fish, ducks, potatoes and

iron cakes, when cooked the pot generally upset on the stones to cool for

hasty mastication.

Oct. 6^th – Our Crew rather lazy and we did not embark until half past seven –

we soon came in sight of the Otter’s Head – which is a stone some two hundred

feet above the base (a high mountain) on which it stands and at the distance

appears like a huge chimney towering far above the tops of the highest sur-

rounding trees – it may be perhaps 30 feet square but quite perpendicular until

within a few feet of its summit when a projecting piece of rock gives to

the fertile imagination the appearance of an otter’s head. Passing on and rounding

a point, we were hailed by an Indian who with his wife and family of seven children

were for the time located on a rock reveling in the luxuries of stinking fish

and other like fragrances. This man had only one wife, but, sad to tell, our

guide informs us that to possess her he killed his elder brother whose wife she

was and her son now threatens to return the compliment by killing his step-father –

shortly before meeting this family, from whom we got three trout, we had passed

Puc-kus-wah Sr-be and went into the most beautiful spoon-shaped basin to the

falls, which come tumbling down a tremendous chasm in the rocks. It hastens down

with the wildest speed conceivable, as if to escape the threats of the over-

hanging precipice on either side – immense rocks have fallen into it from the

height, against which, in its furious progress to the placid basin below, it

dashes headlong throwing its spray all around and creating rainbows innumerable.

In short, the whole scene is grand beyond description and fitted only for the

pencil of artist or the pen of the poet. Continuing our route, the wind blowing

very fresh from the land, we were obliged to hug the shore and, not wishing to avail

ourselves of an early encampment, we proceeded until dark when we were compelled to

put in to a basin opposite to the east end of Michipocotan* Island. The harbour is

good but had to make our bed on boulders. Having dined heartily on fat pork,

fried English rum and underdone cakes, I spent a miserable night from heart

burn.

* Now Michipicoten

Fourteen …

Sunday, Oct. 7^th – Being Sunday remained on the rocks – had a thorough wash in

the lake, shaved, took a cup of tea – ate a few blueberries of which there are

an abundance about this encampment. Visited the Painted Rocks, so called from

passersby having scratched the mass from the high projecting rocks leaving

the shapes of an endless variety of ill-shaped birds, animals, fishes, &c.

Rocks thus ornamented are met with in many places along the NorthShore. Read

a few chapters – walked about – but did not feel comfortable all day. The fair

wind now blowing would have enabled us to reach Michipicoton early in the after-

noon. Fine evening.

Oct. 8^th – Got an early start. Les Ecorts are about six or eight miles ahead of

us. On our arrival at Les Ecorts, the wind had freshed up so that our guide was

not willing to undertake the risk of traveling a distance of nine miles without

a harbour and, in the event of the wind blowing hard from the lake, when we must

be dashed against the rocks; therefore, put into a snug harbour and passed a

miserable day of it. Home Sweet Home was in all my thoughts.

Oct. 9^th – Fair prospects and took an early start. Passed this dangerous place

and put ashore for breakfast at the entrance of a considerable spring, from the

mouth of which we could see a succession of falls which produced a beautiful

effect. Soon after we embarked, a fair breeze sprung up and it began to rain,

but we continued our route and reached Michipicoton about 4 in the afternoon,

all as wet as need be – but most kindly received by Mr. Swanston, the Agent,

no pains were spared by him to make us comfortable, we got beds and everything

else we could wish for. This is a large river and the route to Moose Factory –

the houses are built on a very pretty level plan – No. of houses about 12. The

Indians we saw here are desirous a missionary should be sent among them to

educate their children. Our men gave a ball to their half-breed brethren

and enjoyed themselves first rate. Tho’ I did not expect to rest well in a

feather bed, yet I slept most comfortably.

Oct. 10^th – Could not shake ourselves from Mr. Swanston’s friendly grasp before

10, then up sail and made the best of our way until a sharp turn in the coast

made us take in sail. In the day’s progress we passed Mrs. Nun-a-bon-jours*

Lodge and encamped within 2 miles of the Devils Barr – an island so called. In

the course of our journey from FortWilliam old Nun-a-bon-jour has amused us

not a little – to-night we encamp at his point – but we have seen him in almost

all postures, lying, standing, sleeping, waking, &c. &c. The Indians fancy

Nun-a-bon-jour was the originator of the Universe, and to perpetuate his name

he formed rocks and mounts to suit the various shapes he assumed.

* Nana’b’oozoo is the prototype of humankind; the Anishinaubaek apply his name to anyone who acts on impulse or instinct, leading them into error. The most human of the manitous.

Oct. 11^th – Left our camp at 5 – at 8 put into breakfast, then embarked, up sail

and had a fine run to Point Eaux Mine (a Quebec Mining Co. location) here we

met that excellent man Mr. Bonner the superintendent, Dr. Newton and Mr. Price,

who conducts the smelting operations – here they have a stamper and smelting

machinery, and will in a few weeks begin to cast pigs of Copper for exportation.

We remained here two or three hours examining the works which Mr. Bonner most

kindly showed us. There does not appear to be over 50 men here but besides

stores &c. there are about 40 houses nearly all of the same size, viz. cottages

Fifteen …

of 16 or 20 feet square. Mr. Bonner himself is providing something better

for his own residence. Saw a few Indians here and we left about 5 tho’ much

pressed to stay, but wishing to make an early start we chose a camp about 1½

miles from the mine.

Oct. 12^th – Under way (after an early breakfast) at ½ past 5 – a fair breeze

soon got up and our Bark roared under a full pressure of canvas. Mountain waves

were rolling at the mouth of Baw-je-we-nah* Bay and we were most glad to reach

the opposite shore and take MapleIsland for our protection. we are now

within 30 miles of the Sault with fair prospects of being detained here for

3 or 4 days at least – ah misere!! At Michipicoton was delighted to hear from

Gusty all were well at home and from Aunt Sophy that the Doctor was at

Penetanguishene much better.

* Now Batchewana Bay.

Oct. 13^th – During the night the wind abated and in the morning being calm we

embarked at daylight – got up sail to cross Bay G—- but the wind dying away

we paddled to GrossCape to breakfast then proceeded on our route – a beautiful

day – the channel now narrowing to the American shore – it was very hot and

quite calm – the current now lending us assistance, we went on rapidly and

reached the Hudson Bay Co. Store at half past two o’clock. Mr. Vidal ran

over the Portage and got an ox cart to carry over our baggage, he soon returned

bringing the astounding and melancholy news of Doctor Darling’s death at

Penetanguishene.

We got lodgings and a house in which to receive our Indians on Monday

from Mr. McTavish – but my anxiety to see Gusty and hear the particulars of

Dr. Darling’s death induced me to proceed immediately to Mr. Wilson’s. Very

kindly received by Miss March – Mr. W. not at home – Miss M. kindly got tea,

but I had scarcely time to take a cup when Peter Bell, who has now become a

good boy, called to say he was on his way to GardenRiver. I embarked with

him and surprised Gusty at 8, he was well and as prim as usual – white-chokered

and all – Got a cup of tea and a scanty piece of dark sour bread. There is

a front door in his house, but mice, snakes and frogs go in and out at

pleasure. Made up my bed on the floor at 10 and went to sleep about 12.

A few Yankey sayings –

“Don’t let that gal holler so big” said a spicy prim quilted lady passenger

to her trembling better half.

“I expect that’s a cultivated woman “– said a thin faced tooth picker, of a

well informed German lady as she was carrying herself out of the cabin door.

Comparing the expense of steaming to propelling – The engineer yelled

out “Why if an Ingin ain’t bigger than half nothing it wants two men to tend

it and if it’s as big as this here propeller they can’t do no more” –

A long English gentleman at breakfast grumbling at the uncomfortable

night’s rest he had because of the shortness of the berths, was stopped

by an equally long American lady on the other side of the table who exclaimed

“Why la me what a fuss about short beds – you have to learn to sleep like us

Yankeys – when we get into a short bed why we fold ourselves up just like a

jack knife and then we’ve room to spare and our breath keeps all warm” –

Sixteen …

“ This Ingin was spit fire new last 10^th November” –

Our men were –

Francois Mezai – Guide

Louis Piquette – Steersman

Peter Bell

Pierre Crocheir )

Louis Corbirr )

Paw-kauke ) Middle men

Waw-be-ma-ma )

Waw-saung-gais )

And all paddling a North canoe of about 30 feet long.

Sunday, Oct. 14^th – Poor Gusty is rather in a bad fix here. However, he is

acquiring by practice a knowledge of dish-washing, frying, baking, boiling,

chopping, fire making &c. &c. I gave the Indians a row for not chopping wood

and told them he should not winter at GardenRiver. Went twice to Indian

service in the afternoon – 3 children were christened – about 50 to 60

Indians attended each time and were attentive to the short sermons. Miserable

food and bad cooking did not induce me to over eat myself – went to bed at 10.

Oct. 15^th – At 9 started for the H*.H. Bay Fort and got there at one – Council

with the Indians – Mr. McTavish read me that part of Sir George Simpson’s

letter in which Gusty is invited to live with Mr. McTavish to 1^st May next,

free of expense – has a large drawing room and bedroom adjoining with stoves

and carpets &c. all first rate – here also we have the use of a large room

for our council – and each a bedroom, viz. Mr. Vidal, Mr. Somerville and

myself. All feeding with Mr. McT. – The council broke up at 4 and soon after

a heavy rain began. Went to bed at 12 – snow this morning.

* Thomas Gummersall Anderson refers often to the HBC as the Honourable Hudson’s Bay Company.

Oct. 16^th – Slept well – heavy rain all night. At 10 the Council again

commenced tho’ torrents of rain were falling. On asking Shingwaukonce’s party

whether they were inclined to sell their land and what they expected for it,

they obstinately refused to answer except thro’ Allan McDonnell Esq. We

objected to his acting as their Agent and closed our proceedings with them,

after which he made a most inflamatory [sic] speech to the Indians in my presence,

which astonished me not a little – as soon as he had done the Indians retired.

Wrote a short letter informing my family we had returned from Lake Superior.

Rain continued.

Oct. 17^th – Rain continued. Failed in all quarters on our side to get a Canoe

and hands to take us to LaCloche – went over to the American side. Mr.

Livingston promised to send us off next morning. On landing from the boat,

I caught my toe in a branch and got a severe fall – smashed my umbrella and

nearly dislocated my shoulder and am to this moment in great pain. Rain

continued. Gore arrived about 4 o’clock – Peck in command. Got letters

from home, and tho’ my family are well, yet I am much distressed about Aunt

Sophy – Frank and his wife –desired Gusty to write to Mr. Brown offering to

send him $130 for F’s relief – Gusty wrote home by the Gore.

Seventeen …

Oct. 18^th – Rain moderate – high wind and very cold – snow. At 9 Mr. Livingston

brought us a most miserable old canoe with three men, viz. two rowers and a

steersman – there was no alternative – that or none – sent my Cassette by the

Gore and Mr. Vidal and myself stowed as close as possible to the top of our

baggage and, taking in Gusty at Wilson’s, we reached Garden River about three and

stopped over night in hopes to get a better canoe, but without success. We,

therefore, determined to make repairs and stop some of the leaks in our old one

in the morning. Here we met an old Chief Ke-Wuh-kance who had been sent for by

Mr. McDonnell for the purpose of entering into an engagement with Shingwaukonce

not to sell their lands to the Government except as [at] such price as Mr. McD. would

fix upon, but when I explained to him the folly of such an arrangement he got

up and, in presence of Shingwaukonce and several of his young men, declared he

would not listen to them, S. and McD., the government had always been his friend

and he would sell his land to his great father. Then, requesting that we would

give him a passage back to his home where he had been sent for no good, we

parted for the night.

Oct. 19^th – Started at 10 – stopped a few minutes at Mr. Church’s who had just

sold 50 bus. potatoes at 2/6 currency per bag to be taken to Washington City.

This man has raised 2,000 bus. potatoes this year and assured me he would not

take $900 for them because he was sure of getting $1,000 at his dock. The

Indians have raised 1000 bus. more than they wanted and would give them half

a dollar for every bus. Continued our route – The Gore passed us in Lake George

and we encamped at Campment de Cuise.

Oct. 20^th – Got into our miserable canoe at an early hour and reached Bruce

Mines about 9. Poor Pilgrim looking miserable, Ookosh, Aquenene and four others

had died of cholera. Mr. Campbell, the Supt., kindly lent us a very nice sail

boat – we hired another hand, visited their works, saw quantity of smelted

copper, then started. The wind being fair and blowing pretty fresh, I took

the helm and reached the Grand Batteau having run 26 miles in four hours sail.

Sho-min, his wife, and two children have died of cholera – 20 in all have died.

Sunday, Oct. 21^st – Rose this morning with stiffness and severe pain in my right

knee – managed to hobble about and embark at sunrise. A fair wind but rather

tight – I continued to steer the boat and did not suffer much except when placing

my leg in certain situations. Arrived at Missessaga at 1 and very kindly enter-

tained by Mr. Sayers – hobbled about – sent off into the country for the Indian

Chief Paw-taw-se-way. Two small boats arrived from She-she-gwa-ning. The Indians

report that 100 Mohawks are coming next year to prepare dwellings &c. for their

people who are coming to settle at Shingwaendat. In the evening my leg became

very painful, wrote a hasty note to Aunt Sophy and went to bed at 11 o’clock.

Oct. 22^nd – The Indians did not arrive until late in the day. We, however, soon

finished our business with them and took our leave of Mr. Sayers, who had

supplied us with bed and board and with all the other necessities we required. We

soon spread our canvas and[,] the wind blowing enough, soon slipped over 21 miles

of troubled water and encamped in a nice little cove near L’Ance Au Panier. It

being late and much pained in knee and shoulder, I must omit many remarks on the

splendid scenery, beautiful camps, gay firs, frowning cliffs &c. which they

richly deserve.

Eighteen …

Oct. 23^rd – Made an early start with our snug boat – half a gale with

mountain billows with lots of spray sprinkling, we dashed and foamed

through 30 miles by 3 o’clock and landed at Hospitality Hall (Mr.& Mrs.

Buchanan, LaCloche) where, as usual at the Hudson Bay Posts, we were bedded

and boarded with the greatest kindness. Had to dispatch Indians to bring

in the Chiefs. Ashamed and vexed because I could not get rid of a third

days[’] dirty beard in the society of so entertaining a companion as Mrs. B.

whose apartments, person, little Caroline, and all is a model of neatness,

but knee and arm bore the blame and by way of punishment put them to bed at

11 o’clock.

Oct. 24^th – Rose at 8 and took breakfast with my long beard – but suffering

less pain resolved to make the trial and succeeded in taking the principal

crop and giving a few cuts to my face, then made a tour to examine the falls

on the stream which passes within 20 yards of the house. The first fall is

in that distance over, which is a bridge, and under it goes thundering down

over broken rocks about ten feet high, one of the most picturesque falls one

could wish to see – it is not more than 20 feet wide, being confined between

two rocks – but a large quantity of water having been dashed and dashed again

against its flinty foe now mingles with and finds rest in a placid basin of

Lake Huron, where the Company’s boats proudly wave at their mast head, Britain’s

pride in battle and peace. About 100 yards above this is another falls,

equally high though not so interesting. The houses and stores here are far

more tastefully situated than any we have seen and the perfect order in which

they are kept, as well as the white-washed outside walls, as the well swept

floors within, does much credit to Mr. Buchanan whose maxim appears to be,

“A place for everything and everything in its place.” – but what caps all

in the picture is the extensive and splendid view from an eminence a few

rods from the dwelling, from which you have a sight in the blue distance

of the great Manitoulin; from which, to within a few rods of your feet and

also to the horizon to your right and left, the whole lake is dotted with

islands of all shapes and sizes; here the eyes may have an untiring, constant

and rich feast.

The Indians having arrived, our business with them settled –

a good allowance of fish packed down with a fair proportion of two roast

tame ducks kept under by enough brandy and port, we were ready for a start.

We embarked shortly before sunset (we were now in a bark canoe, our Sault

crew having left this morning on their return home), a fair wind and moonlight

induced us to keep on till about ten when we laid up at Le Petit Courant –

a few days before we reached LaCloche, Mr. Buchanan had killed a reindeer.

Oct. 25^th – By making an early start, we got to Manitowaning about two – Mr.

Ironside asked me to stop with him which I did as I had some business to

settle with him. Dr. OMeara also asked me but I transferred Mr. Vidal to

him – a terrible blank I have found in Dr. Darling’s death prevents my saying

a word about the place.

Nineteen …

Oct. 26^th – We now have a bark canoe and a crew of 4 Indians to take us to

Penetanguishene. We left the Island at 4 and put up our tent with intention

of staying all night on HareIsland but, by the time we had supped, a fair

wind sprang up and the Indians preferring sailing to paddling requested leave

to proceed. After sailing sometime the wind left them, we got lost in a dense

fog but with the aid of a pocket compass and Indian sagacity, we reached La

Morandiere’s at 2. Here, in place of the well stored and comfortable house of

former days, is filth, hunger and wretchedness – we, however, were glad to

snore away the remainder of the night in the same room and on the same floor

(but not under the same blanket) with Mrs. Alixes and her four squalling and

our 4 Indians with divers, cats, dogs, &c. &c.

Oct. 27^th – Too foggy to start before 8 – obstructed by dense fog and light

head wind we could not reach Grunbling Point* till 3 which we passed and encamped

in the Bay.

* Now Point Grondine, ( Collins Inlet, Killarney, Beaverstone River area of Lake Huron)

Sunday, Oct. 28^th – High wind prevented our going to the open lake, but by dint

of hard work and passing among the islands[,] we reached Wa-ge-mah-kay village of

our school house and 8 miserable dwellings at FrenchRiver at sunset. The

Chief not at home – saw our drunken Indian here – a most miserable place for a

settlement, being little else but bare rock. The Revd. Mr. Herchmer whose

station is at BeausoleilIsland visits here about twice a year.

Oct. 29^th – A very heavy rain and the school house in which we had taken shelter

being comfortable compared to a tent or to traveling against a heavy wind and

rain, we chose to remain in it. Went on to the highest rock to look round for

their gardens but could not see one acre of ground fit for cultivation – the

whole is a barren rock but they say their gardens are at the distance of a mile

where the land is good – this, I consider, from the nature of the country very

unlikely, and that no encouragement should be given them to remain here.

Oct. 30^th – The rain having ceased and tho’ some snow had fallen, we made a start

at 9 – we had some difficulty in rounding some points of main land which projected

into the lake and where surf was breaking furiously after which we got under

the shelter of the island and by the adroit guidance of our crew succeeded in

doubling Point Aux Bain where the sea and breakers were rolling awfully and we

encamped near Shaw-aniga.

Oct. 31^st – Rose at daybreak and went in quest of Indians which I had directed

to await our arrival at this point, but after we paddled for many hours among

the Islands to no purpose, and having made one portage in our route we put

ashore to breakfast, then proceeded on our journey with a fair wind – stopping a

short time to visit “Turtle Head”, a rock so called from a projection resembling

the head of a turtle, and where we found many pieces of tobacco carefully laid

on the head and deposited by the natives as a sacrifice.

Continuing our route under a smart breeze aft, we reached Sandy

Island, here we met one of the late Me-twa-aushe[’]s sons who informed us the

Indians we had been looking for in the morning were at Penetanguishene. It

Twenty …

was now about 5 and we soon found a place to encamp at Chevaliers Fishing

Station. The wind having now abated, we concluded not to pitch our tent and [to]

start at 12, but the moon not giving much light we did not leave till 2. I

could not sleep from anxiety.

November 1^st – Left our camp at 2 – the wind ahead. As the daylight came on

the wind increased but our boys not discouraged tho’, when from under the shelter

of the Islands, the breakers and sea were awful. At 12 reached Moose Point and here was a serious demur and we were for sometime in doubt whether we

should lay by, make the portage of a mile, or run the risk of filling our

canoe in attempting to round the point. We, however, concluded that Mr. Vidal

and myself walk across the portage and the Indians take the canoe round – this

was done by great exertion of the paddles and getting many of our things wet.

We continued our route but do not recollect in all my journeys to have forced

my way thro’ such breakers and against so strong a wind. We, however, cold

and hungry, and after being cramped up in a bark canoe at short intervals

which had shipped over the bows, landed at Ptg. at midnight.

Nov. 2^nd – Remained quiet all day – excepting the Gore.

Nov. 3^rd –Mr. Vidal and I finished our commission business with the Indians

and we parted. I went to Dr. Bowtres [Bawtree’s] and I remained waiting for the steamer.

Sunday, Nov. 4^th – The Gore came in at 5 and Mr.Vidal embarked – saw Keating

who is looking pretty well – went to church, a fair congregation and a good

sermon.

Nov. 5^th – The Gore came in from SturgeonBay about 12 and Comr. Lee and myself

went on board with the presents for Owen Sound at 4 o’clock and steamed away

tho’ very foggy but very calm, and, notwithstanding from the immense cargo of

cattle, barrels, bales &c. &c. on board, she rolled dreadfully. The passengers

on board were Dr. Layton, wife, family and luggage for ManitoulinIsland, Mr.

Herbert, the author, and Dr. Lawless of the Mohawk on a trip of pleasure to

the Sault, an Irish piper and family, settlers for Owen sound, 37 Canadians

and their families going on speculation for good wages at the Mines. All

passed on quietly and we landed at Owen Sound at 3 o’clock.

Nov. 6^th – At 8 Mr. Neil and myself found ourselves out of bed at Mr.

Cathey’s, a schoolmaster, where we had stored ourselves away after swallowing

a cup of Mrs.Cathey’s excellent tea. Breakfast was waiting for us and, when

we had dispatched it, we were requested to make ourselves at home, but having

work on hand we preferred going into an Indian house to work and sleep, but

gave up all our programme and take all our meals with them which makes us quite

comfortable. The remainder of the day was spent in taking a census and

preparing papers for the issue, which we could not complete until 11 at night.

Nov. 7th – Up by times and delivered the presents to the Indians – then wrote

the following speech to the Indians on delivering to them their war medals and

the annual presents –

Twenty-one …

“My friends – very many years ago when the English first took you by the hand

and smoked the pipe of friendship with your ancestors, they were told that so

long as the sun would shine the ‘Red Coats’ would be your friends and they the

‘Red Skins’ should be ‘Their Children’.

“My friends – Since that time many snows, seasons have melted away – Many ‘Red

Coats’ and many ‘Red Skins’ have passed into the ‘Land of Spirits’, but still

the same sun continues to warm you, and the same ‘Red Coats’ continue the

‘Indian friends’ – this you witness every Canoeing Season when your hearts

rejoice to receive the good presents sent to you by our Great Mother –

“My friends – You know that foolish nations sometimes raise the war whoop

against the ‘Red Coats’ – About 40 years ago when the guns of nearly all the

nations of the earth were pointed at them – the Big knives too sharpened their

swords and cast many bullets in hopes by their help to crush the English – but

they could not – the ‘Red Coats’ were still strong ‘Red Coats’ and soon made

them all cry for peace –

“My friends – Most of you are too young to have seen those days – but here is

Manatowaube, who was at the battle of Detroit – he can tell you how fast the

‘Big Knives’ can run when threatened with the Indians ‘War Club’ or the steel

of the ‘Red Coats’ –

“Though many snow seasons have melted away since the Indian Warrior was amused

at the flight of the ‘Big Knives’, the ‘Red Coat’ never forgets that but ever

loves the brave –

“Manatowaube – You were but a young warrior when you helped drive the ‘Big

Knives’ from their strong place, Detroit, but the ‘Red Coats’ saw how brave,

how fearless and how obedient you were to the ‘Great Red Coat’ who commanded

you – your name with the names of many equally brave have not been forgotten,

here is a mark of distinction (holding up the war medal) which I have been

commanded to give you as a proof your ‘Great Mother’s’ approbation of your

conduct and bravery at Detroit – this is one of the highest honors conferred

on British warriors – be proud of it – be careful of it – let it be handed

down to your children’s children that they may know how brave a man their

ancestor Manatowaube was.”

To the young men and warriors present I said:-

“Young men – you see that the warriors of the ‘Red Coats’ are never forgotten –

you see their reward – if ever any of you should be called upon to sing the war

song and grasp the war club let ‘Victory or Death’ be your cry – and your reward

will be honorable as is that of Manatowaube this day”. In reply Manatowaube

explained to those present the several actions he had been in and should an

opportunity offer to exert themselves as he had done.

Nov. 8^th – Time hanging heavy on our hands –visited the Indians’ work since

last year, praised them for some things and abused them for others, particularly

about the bad state of their fences &c. In the afternoon went to the Village

Twenty-two …

of Sydenham and found it much improved since last year. Saw Mr. Rankin, who

is lame of a leg – visited Mr. Frost’s new saw mill and his new stone grist

mill which will be in operation about New Year’s – invited to dine with Mr.

Frost tomorrow.

Nov. 9^th – Went to Sydenham about 11 o’clock – a very heavy sea in the Bay.

Met Dr. Manly who had just been served with a summons for rent of his house,

they have moved about a mile into the country, therefore, did not go to their

house. A tough goose for dinner – Mrs. Frost an ill-educated country lady.

Mr. Frost, a Methodist exhorter, but appears to do a heap of business in his

store. We had fruit rolls for dinner – I was helped bountifully but on taking

the first mouthful discovered that goose grease in abundance had been given to

me by mistake in lieu of the rich and good prepared for the rolls – my plate

was changed and all made right. This being court day and the business being

done in Mr. Frost’s dining room, we could not remain long at table and there

being nothing but cold water to drink, we soon returned to the crowded shop to

puff dull care away and reflect on the past, and among other things I had to

find fault with was the absolute littleness of spirit in those who invite

strangers to honour their table and give them nothing but cold pump water to

drink, no, not even a spoonful of vinegar to give it a taste. After purifying

my mouth with a fair allowance of tobacco smoke, I posted off to call upon Mr.

Mulholland, the church clergy man, found him in his study – glad on Gusty’s

behalf to see me – asked me to dine tomorrow at 2 and to take Mr. Lee with me.

It was now blowing and raining heavily and we started home. Wrote to my wife

and Mr. Ruttan.

Nov. 10^th – Still raining and blowing – puffed and fumed and passed the morning

away. Half past twelve – started for our dinner and got there a quarter before

the time, but all was ready. Most kindly received, introduced to the sweet

Mrs. M. and her two children and forthwith requested to show ourselves to the

roast lamb and corn beef. Everything nicely got up, good taste, good humor,

good wine, good brandy, affable, chatty and no fuss. We took our leave at four

and made the best of our way home through rain and wind.

Sunday, Nov. 11^th – Could not go to church because of the heavy rain – read

several chapters in Proverbs, which brought many serious reflections home to

myself as well as to some members of my family. But a more dismal, long and

uncomfortable day I have seldom experienced. How truly it is asked “what is

man that thou art mindful of him?” When he alone of all created objects rebels

against his creator – he alone despises and violates the laws of his God, he

sins and sins on to the last forgetting that time must end with him ere long,

and he must then appear before his offended Maker to be judged according to

the works done in the body and give account of his stewardship – Oh that we

may see and know the evil of our ways before it is too late and all hope of

heaven shut from our view.

Nov. 12^th – Another dreary day – the Indians are going off to fish and the

village is becoming less noisy and, being robbed of that little variety which

their simple absurdities occasion, is yet more and more lonely. It appears

Twenty-three …

strange that there should be in the Indian mind such an unquenchable desire for

the destruction of life in the animals – from the moment a child of either sex

begins to totter about, his great delight seems to be in casting sticks and

stones at any living thing that comes in his way, whether it be fit for food or

no, and so soon as the bow string can be drawn or the gun raised to the shoulder,

his natural desire is to make sport of every living thing which crosses his path,

except his fellow man, and in this instance he is perhaps only restrained by the

fear of the consequences.

Humanise them by civilization and render them fit for social intercourse

with their fellow human beings. This evening the schooner “William Gordon,”

Captain McNabb came into port laden with mill stones and other notions from Toronto,

she belongs to Chas. Thompson.

Nov. 13^th – What has become of the “Gore”? is a question so often asked and “It is

strange!” an answer so often given that the interest in them is lost. Captain McNabb

had seen the Gore somewhere and says positive she will be in before tomorrow morning.

Let any one whose thoughts are of home, who likes congenial intercourse with his

fellows and who hates “nothing to do”, come and spend six or eight days at Owen

SoundIndianVillage and if his cup of human misery had never before been full,

I promise him that it will now overflow.

Nov. 14^th – Up at 11, at 2, 4 and 6 but no “Gore” came as yet. Yesterday and today

showing the Indians how to loaf – our grog all drank or dried up – Oh dear, no

Gore – up at half past 11, 2, 3, 4 & 6 but no Gore, time grows heavier and more

heavy.

Nov. 15^th – Went to the Gordon to secure a passage in her, will sail first fair

wind to Ptg. and when ready will call for us – this is now the 4^th year I have

been thus detained at this place – must try and get the Mohawk for this duty next

year.

Nov. 16^th – At 4 the “Gordon” men called for our luggage – we lost no time and

were underway by six – and a very cold morning it was – the fair breeze turned ahead

and made two or three slow “tacks” – during this time we had been called for breakfast.

The cabin is about 8 x 10 feet with two berths on each side, a stove in the corner,

three cupboards on one side and two stow-away everything – – – – corners on another

side with a three feet square table, in the centre of this was a cloth which had been

washed, a dish of fried White Fish, a dish of uneatable fried beef, and a large tin

dish of potatoes. Round the table were placed four backless chairs, and a table

so placed that two persons could sit on the berth, six plates were placed at hap-

hazard distance with knife and fork, such as they were, to each, some with and some

without handles, also tea pot, sugar basin, cups and saucers, with bread and butter.

On descending to this only apartment in the ship – for sleeping, eating, visiting

and sundry other necessary odd jobs – and which was tastefully hung all round,

either for decoration a show, a variety of Ladies dresses or rather articles of

dresses or garments from the be-low bustle worn cotton to the gaudily decorated

straw bonnet, also the whole wardrobes of the sailors, each on his own particular

peg. On descending I say into this apartment I introduced myself to Mrs. Thingumbob

Twenty-four …

(Mother to the Captain’s Lady) an old lady about 3 feet in diameter, who had not,

from hurry and trouble, taken off her night cap for the term of two moon. Next

to the Captain’s Lady a rather nice looking piece of furniture, whose peculiar

situation calls upon her to be careful in going up and down the ship’s ladder –

next and last to Mrs. Thingumbob, a spinster of 16, with a long thin face and

do. [ditto] waist. Having thus done the genteel and got a nod from the long bearded and

coatless Mr. Thingumbob, we six took our seats at the first table which we were

commanded to by Isaiah, the darkey cook – the same what was cook to Captain

McGregor when he had his four wives on board with – being seated at table each

one dispatched his allowance without loss of time and made way for another and

so on till all were stuffed. As variety is sometimes charming, I must not omit

to state as my misfortune that I was so seated at breakfast as to look full into

the starboard side slu*t corner where I saw a strange looking vessel, but what

it was, you must, as I did, guess. Now it became calm and we did not move – about

this time the Gore passed us going into the Bay – at six she returned and we embarked

on board of her and was [were] immediately informed that Mr. McDowell had raised a force of

100 men, armed them, stolen several boats to convey his party to Point Aux Mines

and to take possession of it and MichipicotonIsland. A heavy gale from Nautawesarger*

Bay – wrote to Mr. Baldwin on the subject of the Indian war – Mr. Charles Thompson,

Gusty, Doctor Lawless and several other passengers on board.

* Nottawasaga

Nov. 17^th – Arrived at Ptg. at two in the morning and immediately Capt. Fraser

started on horseback to convey the war news with as little delay as possible to the

Govt. – got my luggage up to William’s store. On our arrival heard of poor Keating’s

death. Great excitement about the Indian war and not a little speculation about

troops being sent up with the Mohawk, &c. &c.

Sunday, Nov. 18^th – Went to church twice. Gusty read prayers in the morning but

could not do so in the afternoon.

Nov. 19^th – Took census of the Indians and gave the presents to the Indians. A

party of young ladies at Dr. Bowtres [Bawtree’s] where I am now staying – got Bowtres to examine

Gusty, and says his complaint is a nervous palpitation of the heart, but could not

at the moment give a certificate.

Nov. 20^th – Left in the Gordon with Mr. Lee and the presents for Rama and Orillia –

reached SturgeonBay at 9, night – no inn to put up at – went for shelter and went

to the “Gore” where we found Mr. Charles Thompson, who was not only glad to see us,

but made up beds for us.

Nov. 21^st – About 5 this morning a note was brought by Mr. Thompson from Mr.

Fraser, Capt. of the Gore, informing him that 90 men (soldiers) would arrive at

Orillia to-day at 12 on their way to the Sault St. Marys and to make the necessary

preparations for their reception on board the Gore. All was hustle and hurry – Mr.

Lee could not now attend to the issue of presents – I, therefore, took passage in

a canoe and came back to Penetanguishene – No orders as yet for me to go to the

Sault – Took tea with Mr. Lee, Mrs. Atrill, her 2 daughters and Gus were there –

passed a pleasant evening and returned home at 11 o’clock.

Nov. 22^nd – Rose early in breathless expectation of soon seeing the Gore with

her cargo of soldiers. The whole day passed in like manner and not a word from

Twenty-five …

SturgeonBay – the anxiety of all the officers and ladies in any way

connected with the Govt. is intense. Mail arrived as usual at 7 P.M. but

not a word about the expedition. Here I am imposing on the kindness of our

dear William and Jessie, not only stuffing myself at their table but perfuming

their rooms with tobacco smoke to which my peevish anxiety makes me add many

extra pipes, and stinking their passage with Gusty’s Esh-Ke-Mean fowl des-

troyer – this dog has begun to kill hens, and I am compelled to keep him

tied up to save necks and feathers. We certainly have had for the last three

weeks the most delightful weather one could wish for.

Nov. 23^rd – I generally go to bed about 11 o’clock and am up betwixt 4 and 6.

No Gore yet or news from SturgeonBay. A report was brought from Barrie by

Jeffrey, who took Dr. Bowtres to that place on his way to Montreal, that the

steamer beaver had on Thursday taken one load of soldiers over to Orillia and

was gone back for the remainder, therefore, they may be expected on Sunday.

Went up to the Garrison, called on Dr. lawless and Mr. Atrill on board the

Mohawk, then on Lieut. Herbert, R.N., he was not at home but Mrs. H., a very,

small, natty woman – then again on Lieut. Fitzgerald, Canadian Rifles, both

man and wife very nice persons with two fine boys. After all those calls

Mr. Ironside, Gusty (who is now staying there), and myself took a family

dinner at Mr. Hallen’s. The weather fine tho’ time hangs heavy on my hands.

Nov. 24^th – Rain last night and continued to-day. Called on Mrs. Lee to know

if she had heard from her husband but no! Had made up my mind to go off in a

canoe to SturgeonBay but as the mail would be in this evening thought it better

to remain quiet – a terrible long dreary day – could not go out to walk because

of the rain. The mail came in as usual at 7 P.M. but no letters for me, but

much relieved in my mind by a letter received by William from an Engineer Officer

hinting that Mr. Ironside would be most likely sent to MichaBay. What can be

the cause of my not getting letters from home, neither of my daughters have

written to me since I left them – have they forgotten me! They have perhaps

something better to think of – their poor old Papa, it is true, is not worth

caring about.

Sunday, Nov. 25^th – The Gore came in about 10 o’clock with, as they say, 90

soldiers on board on their way to the Sault with month’s provisions, &c. &c.

She started about one enroute for that place, and I left the Narrows to over-

take Mr. Lee and issue the presents. No wagon or accommodation at Sturgeon

Bay, therefore, proceeded to Coldwater in my canoe where I arrived at one at night – slept a few hours.

Nov. 26^th – The roads had been so cut up in transporting the soldiers’ baggage

that I could not get any one to take me to Orillia on wheels; therefore, got

two horses, one I rode and on the other a boy carried my despatch box. Left

Coldwater at ten and stopped a quarter of an hour at Mrs. Hamilton’s – reached

Orillia at 4, being six hours, the roads being so bad, in going 14 miles. Too

late and too tired to work. Called at Mr. Bourne’s in the evening. I came and

announced their resolve that they would not allow Yellow Head and Dr. Ardagh more

than £35 per annum each. Mr. Bourne argued stoutly in favor of the latter but

Twenty-six …

to no purpose. At length they told him the doctor was like himself, promised

to do a great deal for them but did nothing.

Nov. 27^th – Took a census of the Rama Indians and clothed them. The steamer

Beaver came in this evening – had no time to make the estimate.

Nov. 28^th – Started for the Holland in the Beaver at 7. Mr. Lee having prepared

the Snake Island Indian presents agreeable to the number last year. The

steamer lay to while they were put on board the Indian scow and I went ashore

and gave them over in bulk – this being the last trip of the boat[,] could not

remain to do more. Arrived at the boat’s mooring at 6 and had to trudge on

foot through mud and snow with Captain Laughton and Mr. Lee three miles on foot

to May’s Inn where we put up for the night – after tea called at Mrs. Mitchell’s

where we found Dr. and Mrs. Bowtres.

Nov. 29^th – Embarked at five o’clock and got to Toronto at half past twelve.

Shaved, dressed, called on Mayor Campbell, saw Col. Bruce, the Governor,

General Vardon & Chisty [?] – called at Mr. Pearson’s to see my wife, who was

waiting for me.

Nov. 30^th – Waited again on his Lordship who requested me to await the return

of the Gore – called at Thomson’s.

Dec. 1^st – Made arrangements to send my wife and Gusty home in an extra.

Sunday, Dec. 2^nd – Nothing – went to St. George’s.

Dec. 3^rd – Sent off Mrs. Anderson, Gusty and Miss Upstairs. Mr. Bonner and

Dr. Newton arrived.

4^th to 9^th –Giriord [?] – waiting at the office &c. &c.

Dec. 10^th – Captain Fraser of the Gore arrived bringing with him 5 prisoner[s]

from the Sault, vis. Allen, McDonell, Shingawaukonce, Nabinacochin, and two

other half breeds. In the evening received the report from Mr. Vidal.

Dec. 11^th – Delivered the report to the Honble. J.H. Price – all very sweet.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _

Extract from T. G. Anderson’s Diary – Last page.*

During the foregoing journey without one dollar to pay my expenses, or a plug of

tobacco to give the Tribes a smoke, I succeeded in getting the Indians to cede all

their land to the Crown from Penetanguishene along Lake Huron and Lake Superior

and back to Nippegon without the slightest reserve because they had full confidence

in me and did not doubt but that the Government would deal honestly with them.

Next spring Hon. W.B. Robinson was sent up with boxes of American silver to obtain

the signatures of the Tribes without extending to me the common courtesy, my being

directed to accompany him would have convinced the Indians of my truthfulness to

them.

* Compare to T.G Anderson fonds Document 30: a small, rather erratic note summarizing the same subject – but with venom.